Reference in Annex 16, Volume IV: Part II, Chapter 2. CORSIA’s MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification) system consists of three components:

• Monitoring of CO₂ emissions is either based on a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, or the on use of the ICAO CORSIA CERT.

For the former, each operator has to collect accurate information on the fuel use per each flight and calculate CO₂ emissions by multiplying the amount of fuel used with a conversion factor representing the amount of tonnes of CO₂ produced from using one tonne of fuel.

An aeroplane operator is required to describe its approach to CO₂ emissions monitoring in an Emissions Monitoring Plan, which the operator will submit for approval by the State.

• After monitoring and calculating CO₂ emissions, the necessary information will be reported from aeroplane operators to their State Authority, and from States to ICAO, by using harmonised templates and procedures. ICAO consolidates the CO₂ emissions data, calculates the annual Sectoral Growth Factor, and communicates the Growth Factor to States.

•  Verification of CO₂ emissions information is to ensure that the data is accurate and free of errors. A very basic idea of verification is that a third-party checks that everything has been done correctly. This is similar to the accounting practices that are performed in the financial world